Why Digital is The Future! How to have a successful journey...

Why Digital is The Future! How to have a successful journey...

"Digital" and "digitization" or "online" has become a very common word in the recent past due to the C-19 pandemic situation, and yet, the digital transformation has been there in every industry more than two decades or so to create value-driven business opportunities for the organizations in their served customer segments with the right value proposition to fulfill their internal and external customers with amazing customer experiences (CX).

Some basics to know- The average IT spend across all industries was around 8 percent of their revenues as a magic number and yet it depends on many factors like industry, region, and age of the company, etc. Now, think about organizations spending between 4 to 24 percent based on the industry for their IT or digital goals, wherein the staff of IT and CIO or CDO would be bringing seamless and easy to use tools and solutions for the various businesses including sales and markets and other business functions in the company (plus external customers too). 

On a side note, usually, companies spend roughly around 10 percent as a magic number on sales and marketing, with a disclaimer that it depends on the size of the company and which sector it belongs to, etc.

With that, it's very imperative that you as a CTO or CDO or CIO or Digital IT Head need to have a very clear plan to create a successful journey towards it with the available budgets in place... 

Some of the key caveats for the success of any organization to become truly digital are:

• Make sure to address the five domains of the digital strategy - customers, competition, data, innovation, and value
• Create a comprehensive digital platform with digital products, and not siloed or isolated apps or customizations
• Start with small to focus more on the CX, and then slowly evolve and improvise your design
• How fast you pivot to digital is the clear caveat to bring more efficiencies and value to your businesses and their respective functions
• Have a clear business architecture and enterprise architecture in place whenever your organization do any M&As and adapt as quickly as possible so that all the respective fulfillment happens seamlessly for the existing (for example, legacy apps) and newly acquired customers
• Application and/or software modernization with the latest emerging technologies like microservices, cloud, machine learning, artificial intelligence, monitoring, cybersecurity, etc
• IT architecture is very important to any organization, and yet, that needs to be refined every now and then to meet your business outcomes and demands
• Having an application rationalization chart to know the right sunset and sunrise digital products based on your organization priorities so that it is easier to maintain and innovate faster while the systems and applications are co-existing with newer digital products; a clear winner to achieve improvements in business operations
• Always, treat your data as the biggest asset to your organization to do any sort of transformation and decision making
• Make sure to have highly available, reliable, and accurate data APIs/Services for the key source of truth from the various data stores, these can be called as DaaS (Data as a Service) to ease accessibility and minimize the data issues
• A robust operational backbone is necessary but that certainly is not sufficient for an organization's digital future, an organization needs to adapt to the newer technologies and have to innovate faster to create newer digital products or try to leverage existing newer COTS (Commercial off-the-shelf) tools to create newer digital solutions to continue delight and address all of your customer behaviors
• Always, have shared data analytics or insights from the data that you have collected from customers
• Re-use, Re-design, and Re-create wherever and whenever required to save time and money
• Have intelligent automation in place for automating some/many of the most used business processes
• Promote continuous delivery and/or integration with DevOps and SRE (Site reliability engineering) principles, so that feedback loops/cycles are faster and teams can implement and address them in a nimble fashion
• Promote co-creations and co-ownerships with the right internal and external accountability frameworks with faster pace decision making and approvals etc
• "digital" is everyone's job to become truly a digital organization. For example, to have the right business owners or product owners and then create more collaborative and agile ways of working together to reduce risks and dependencies
• Try to create a mindset where the customer is more important than anything, and providing seamless customer experience matters a lot
• Treat your tech debt as an innovation aspect of the digital journey, and have the organizational culture as design thinking instead of leaner thinking to come up with innovative digital solutions
• Having a digital product mindset instead of a project mindset
• Also, an organization can focus mostly on their core foundations and innovation only by having a great powerful external partner and/or developer community who gives you early feedbacks and promote your organization with ever scaling digital platforms
• Have resiliency aspects in your planned mission-critical releases, plan very well for the unplanned occurrences, and have architecture design for the next billion users

References/books:

Enterprise Architecture As Strategy: Creating a Foundation for Business Execution

Designed for Digital: How to Architect Your Business for Sustained Success (Management on the Cutting Edge)

Why Digital Transformations Fail: The Surprising Disciplines of How to Take Off and Stay Ahead

The Lean Product Playbook: How to Innovate with Minimum Viable Products and Rapid Customer Feedback

https://www.amazon.com/Enterprise-Architecture-Strategy-Foundation-Execution/dp/1591398398

https://www.bmc.com/blogs/digital-transformation-books/

https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/08/4-trillion-in-tech-spending-in-2019-heres-where-the-money-is-going.html

https://vtldesign.com/digital-marketing/content-marketing-strategy/percent-of-revenue-spent-on-marketing-sales/

https://www.flexera.com/blog/elo/2020-state-of-tech-spend-it-spending-benchmarks-and-trends/

https://www.flexera.com/blog/industry-trends/it-spending-by-industry/

https://blog.techvera.com/company-it-spend

Helping your business truly win with DevOps, IT Apps and Agile

Helping your business truly win with DevOps, IT Apps and Agile

This small scribble is all about a book named "The Phoenix Project" with summary notes and key takeaways...

• How can you think your department as a production factory with a lot of agility
• How fast you can make the changes to the failures so that business can run and win
• How can we continually learn something from an existing system by putting tension into it
• How seamlessly we can plan unplanned work like any other planned project activities; and once done with them, we need to see how can we completely get rid off them completely
• How can we have parallel projects and programs which can benefit businesses

Sources:

https://itrevolution.com/wp-content/uploads/files/PhoenixProjectExcerpt.pdf

https://www.magnusdelta.com/blog/2017/9/16/thephoenixprojectsummary

https://medium.com/@lopamudramisra/the-phoenix-project-summary-4fdfbabba318

Database migrations aren't tough; use the right tools

Database migrations are not tough and it's all about how you use the right tools to overcome your most common issues for your on-going database development changes.

Most famous open source tools are:

1. https://www.liquibase.org/
2. https://flywaydb.org/
3. Many more...

So, what to choose and when to use liquibase vs. flyway

• liquibase and flyway has more or less same features, except the flyway uses the SQL as a script whereas liquibase supports SQL, YAML, XML, JSON
• Easier setup and configurations then, flyway; liquibase also easy setup though
• Both flyway and liquibase have tooling and integrations support with your CI/CD tech stack
• Little more configurations with more features you need then, go for liquibase 
• liquibase has a lot of databases supported
• liquibase has database versions controlling
• liquibase has undoing the migrations, and doing the diff etc whereas, it's premium in flyway
• smaller teams and many projects then, go flyway
• bigger teams with many projects then go for liquibase as you can have rollback and diff features as all varieties of scripts can be supported

References:

https://medium.com/@ruxijitianu/database-version-control-liquibase-versus-flyway-9872d43ee5a4

https://github.com/flyway/flyway

https://github.com/liquibase/liquibase

I know, you know about Pyramid; but what is "Test Pyramid" then :)

A happy new year to all the readers out there, and yet another new decade with the 20s, and wish you all be happy, peaceful and healthier than ever before to take up challenges that are waiting for you in this decade. I started blogging a decade back and when I reflect on this irregular hobby, I feel great about it as time passes away so fast and this blog is of 10 years old now:)

Okay, I know, you know about Pyramid; but what is "Test Pyramid" then :)

You would be getting to know about the Test Pyramid only if you are serious about the Test Automation and how much you can actually do the test coverage with your automated testing for the developed software.

If a developer is writing the tests by himself for the piece of code/software that he has built: those are the unit tests as part of the Unit Testing. And if he is thinking about doing some sort of automated tests for testing the integrations with other services, then that would be the integration testing or services testing. If he is looking for even broader testing scope of the overall system, then that would be the End to Eng System Integration Testing. Even after all these, sometimes, he has to manually test the system to how it is working and those are nothing but the Manual Testing.

With the above in mind, Let's see what is the Test Pyramid and how it would look like in the below picture, and keep in mind that the time spent and the costs involved are more from bottom to top, and the tip of the peak at the pyramid comes with the manual testing(that we have not discussed above while providing the context).

So, what is your take on how much we can cover from the test pyramid? It is completely up to you and your engineering team on what are your priorities and how you wanted to see the return for the time and cost that you have spent on all the layers of your test pyramid.

Reference articles:
https://martinfowler.com/articles/practical-test-pyramid.html#TheTestPyramid

IoT : The Internet of Things

 The Internet of Things is an emerging topic of technical, social, and economic significance. Consumer products, durable goods, cars and trucks, industrial and utility components, sensors, and other everyday objects are being combined with Internet connectivity and powerful data analytic capabilities that promise to transform the way we work, live, and play. Projections for the impact of IoT on the Internet and economy are impressive, with some anticipating as many as 100 billion connected IoT devices and a global economic impact of more than $11 trillion by 2025.

At the same time, however, the Internet of Things raises significant challenges that could stand in the way of realizing its potential benefits. Attention-grabbing headlines about the hacking of Internet-connected devices, surveillance concerns, and privacy fears already have captured public attention. Technical challenges remain and new policy, legal and development challenges are emerging.

This overview document is designed to help the Internet Society community navigate the dialogue surrounding the Internet of Things in light of the competing predictions about its promises and perils. The Internet of Things engages a broad set of ideas that are complex and intertwined from different perspectives. Key concepts that serve as a foundation for exploring the opportunities and challenges of IoT include:

• IoT Definitions: The term Internet of Things generally refers to scenarios where network connectivity and computing capability extends to objects, sensors and everyday items not normally considered computers, allowing these devices to generate, exchange and consume data with minimal human intervention. There is, however, no single, universal definition.
• Enabling Technologies: The concept of combining computers, sensors, and networks to monitor and control devices has existed for decades. The recent confluence of several technology market trends, however, is bringing the Internet of Things closer to widespread reality. These include Ubiquitous Connectivity, Widespread Adoption of IP-based Networking, Computing Economics, Miniaturization, Advances in Data Analytics, and the Rise of Cloud Computing.
• Connectivity Models: IoT implementations use different technical communications models, each with its own characteristics. Four common communications models described by the Internet Architecture Board include: Device-to-Device, Device-to-Cloud, Device-to-Gateway, and Back-End Data-Sharing. These models highlight the flexibility in the ways that IoT devices can connect and provide value to the user.
• Transformational Potential: If the projections and trends towards IoT become reality, it may force a shift in thinking about the implications and issues in a world where the most common interaction with the Internet comes from passive engagement with connected objects rather than active engagement with content. The potential realization of this outcome – a “hyperconnected world” — is testament to the general-purpose nature of the Internet architecture itself, which does not place inherent limitations on the applications or services that can make use of the technology.

Five key IoT issue areas are examined to explore some of the most pressing challenges and questions related to the technology. These include security; privacy; interoperability and standards; legal, regulatory, and rights; and emerging economies and development.

Security

While security considerations are not new in the context of information technology, the attributes of many IoT implementations present new and unique security challenges. Addressing these challenges and ensuring security in IoT products and services must be a fundamental priority.Users need to trust that IoT devices and related data services are secure from vulnerabilities, especially as this technology become more pervasive and integrated into our daily lives. Poorly secured IoT devices and services can serve as potential entry points for cyber attack and expose user data to theft by leaving data streams inadequately protected.

The interconnected nature of IoT devices means that every poorly secured device that is connected online potentially affects the security and resilience of the Internet globally. This challenge is amplified by other considerations like the mass-scale deployment of homogenous IoT devices, the ability of some devices to automatically connect to other devices, and the likelihood of fielding these devices in unsecure environments.

As a matter of principle, developers and users of IoT devices and systems have a collective obligation to ensure they do not expose users and the Internet itself to potential harm. Accordingly, a collaborative approach to security will be needed to develop effective and appropriate solutions to IoT security challenges that are well suited to the scale and complexity of the issues.

Privacy

The full potential of the Internet of Things depends on strategies that respect individual privacy choices across a broad spectrum of expectations. The data streams and user specificity afforded by IoT devices can unlock incredible and unique value to IoT users, but concerns about privacy and potential harms might hold back full adoption of the Internet of Things. This means that privacy rights and respect for user privacy expectations are integral to ensuring user trust and confidence in the Internet, connected devices, and related services.

Indeed, the Internet of Things is redefining the debate about privacy issues, as many implementations can dramatically change the ways personal data is collected, analyzed, used, and protected. For example, IoT amplifies concerns about the potential for increased surveillance and tracking, difficulty in being able to opt out of certain data collection, and the strength of aggregating IoT data streams to paint detailed digital portraits of users. While these are important challenges, they are not insurmountable. In order to realize the opportunities, strategies will need to be developed to respect individual privacy choices across a broad spectrum of expectations, while still fostering innovation in new technology and services.

Interoperability / Standards

A fragmented environment of proprietary IoT technical implementations will inhibit value for users and industry. While full interoperability across products and services is not always feasible or necessary, purchasers may be hesitant to buy IoT products and services if there is integration inflexibility, high ownership complexity, and concern over vendor lock-in.

In addition, poorly designed and configured IoT devices may have negative consequences for the networking resources they connect to and the broader Internet. Appropriate standards, reference models, and best practices also will help curb the proliferation of devices that may act in disrupted ways to the Internet. The use of generic, open, and widely available standards as technical building blocks for IoT devices and services (such as the Internet Protocol) will support greater user benefits, innovation, and economic opportunity.

Legal, Regulatory and Rights

The use of IoT devices raises many new regulatory and legal questions as well as amplifies existing legal issues around the Internet. The questions are wide in scope, and the rapid rate of change in IoT technology frequently outpaces the ability of the associated policy, legal, and regulatory structures to adapt.

One set of issues surrounds crossborder data flows, which occur when IoT devices collect data about people in one jurisdiction and transmit it to another jurisdiction with different data protection laws for processing. Further, data collected by IoT devices is sometimes susceptible to misuse, potentially causing discriminatory outcomes for some users. Other legal issues with IoT devices include the conflict between law enforcement surveillance and civil rights; data retention and destruction policies; and legal liability for unintended uses, security breaches or privacy lapses.

While the legal and regulatory challenges are broad and complex in scope, adopting the guiding Internet Society principles of promoting a user’s ability to connect, speak, innovate, share, choose, and trust are core considerations for evolving IoT laws and regulations that enable user rights.

Emerging Economy and Development Issues

The Internet of Things holds significant promise for delivering social and economic benefits to emerging and developing economies. This includes areas such as sustainable agriculture, water quality and use, healthcare, industrialization, and environmental management, among others. As such, IoT holds promise as a tool in achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.

The broad scope of IoT challenges will not be unique to industrialized countries. Developing regions also will need to respond to realize the potential benefits of IoT. In addition, the unique needs and challenges of implementation in less-developed regions will need to be addressed, including infrastructure readiness, market and investment incentives, technical skill requirements, and policy resources.

The Internet of Things is happening now. It promises to offer a revolutionary, fully connected “smart” world as the relationships between objects, their environment, and people become more tightly intertwined. Yet the issues and challenges associated with IoT need to be considered and addressed in order for the potential benefits for individuals, society, and the economy to be realized.

Ultimately, solutions for maximizing the benefits of the Internet of Things while minimizing the risks will not be found by engaging in a polarized debate that pits the promises of IoT against its possible perils. Rather, it will take informed engagement, dialogue, and collaboration across a range of stakeholders to plot the most effective ways forward.

Refer for more details: https://www.internetsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/ISOC-IoT-Overview-20151221-en.pdf